How do GLP-1s work?
GLP-1 medications have been making waves lately, and the buzz around them isn’t dying down anytime soon. These drugs are popping up in magazine headlines, think pieces, and even casual dinner conversations. But despite all the talk, they can still feel a bit elusive to the average person. That’s understandable, given the layered science, dense medical jargon, and complex explanations involved.
Consider this your handy cheat sheet. In the paragraphs below, we’ll break down the basics of GLP-1s – what they actually do, why they’ve become so popular for weight loss, how they work, and more. We’ll aim to explain it all in a friendly, easy-to-understand way.
What are GLP-1s?
GLP-1 medications mimic a gut hormone called “glucagon-like peptide-1.” This hormone balances blood sugar, curbs appetite, and slows digestion, leaving you feeling full and satisfied for longer after meals. These medications were initially developed in the early 2000s to treat type 2 diabetes, with Byetta being the first FDA-approved option in 2005.
Today, GLP-1 drugs are just as well-known, if not more so, for their weight loss benefits, especially after the first GLP-1 medication was specifically approved by the FDA for that purpose in 2021. However, some compounded versions, like those offered by BionwoRx, have not been reviewed by the FDA.
Are GLP-1s right for me?
GLP-1 medications are FDA-approved for people with type 2 diabetes, obesity, or those who are higher weight and struggling with related health conditions like high blood pressure or sleep apnea.
If you’re curious about whether you qualify based on your weight, the FDA defines obesity as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher, and higher weight as a BMI between 25-29.9. Even if your BMI falls in the higher weight range, but you’re dealing with weight-related health issues, GLP-1s could still be an option worth exploring with your doctor.
Ultimately, your healthcare provider can help you determine if GLP-1 medications are the right choice for your unique health journey. They’ll work closely with you to understand your full medical history and find the best treatment plan to manage your condition.

What are the benefits?
In addition to lowering blood sugar levels and promoting weight loss, research indicates that GLP-1 agonists may offer other potential benefits:
- Lowering blood pressure
- Improving lipid (cholesterol) disorders
- Improving fatty liver disease
- Reducing the risk of heart disease and kidney disease
- Delaying the progression of diabetes-related kidney (nephropathy) damage
What are the side effects?
The most common side effects of GLP-1 agonists include:
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
These side effects are more likely to happen when you first start the medication or if your dosage is increased.
Some other potential side effects include:
- Dizziness
- Mild increase in heart rate
- Infections
- Headaches
- Indigestion (upset stomach)
- You may also experience temporary mild itchiness and/or redness at the injection site.
Severe but rare side effects can include:
- Pancreatitis
- Medullary thyroid cancer
- Sudden kidney injury
- Worsening of diabetes-related eye disease
What are the risks and complications?
GLP-1 agonists are generally safe, but there are a few important risks to be aware of:
- Allergic reactions
- Use during pregnancy
- Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
Can I use GLP-1 medication if I’m pregnant?
The use of GLP-1 agonists during pregnancy is not recommended, as animal studies have shown these medications can cause developmental issues for the fetus. If you’re able to become pregnant, it’s important to use effective birth control while taking a GLP-1 agonist. If you do become pregnant while on this medication, be sure to contact your healthcare provider right away.
Is there a risk of low blood sugar while on GLP-1s?
The risk of mild low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) is generally low if you take a GLP-1 agonist medication. However, the risk can become serious if you combine GLP-1s with other drugs that lower blood sugar, like sulfonylureas or insulin.
Hypoglycemia occurs when your blood sugar drops below 70 mg/dL. Without prompt treatment, severe hypoglycemia can be life-threatening. Symptoms include:
- Shaking or trembling
- Sweating and chills
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Weakness
- Faster heart rate
- Intense hunger
- Trouble thinking and concentrating
- Pale skin
- Nausea
To treat hypoglycemia, you’ll need to consume sugar or carbohydrates, such as half a banana or half a cup of apple juice.
Thinking of starting on a GLP-1 medication?
Get started with a quick and easy weight loss consultation at BionwoRx. We offer both custom compounded GLP-1 medications and a brand-name option to help you reach your goals.